RESUMO O percurso analítico deste texto se dirige aos espaços de constituição dos saberes e vislumbra relações de força que problematizam questões atinentes aos sistemas de classificação biológica e ao ensino, objetivando tornar visível as instâncias em que a Sistemática Evolutiva pode representar descontinuidade em relação à Sistemática Lineana. Contemporaneamente, o discurso filogenético posiciona-se como saber mais adequado ao estabelecimento das relações evolutivas, contudo, nos espaços de ensino ele sofre interdições o que permite supor que a formação de professores não lida satisfatoriamente com a dinâmica de algumas construções cientificas. Assim, pensa-se a produção do conhecimento científico para além da simples aceitação de uma verdade. Lineana Contemporaneamente posicionase posiciona evolutivas contudo cientificas Assim pensase pensa verdade

ABSTRACT The analytical course of this text is directed to the spaces of knowledge constitution and glimpses power relations that problematize issues related to biological classification systems and teaching, aiming to make visible the instances in which Evolutionary Systematics can represent a discontinuity concerning the Linean Systematics. At the same time, the phylogenetic discourse is positioned as the most adequate knowledge for the establishment of evolutionary relationships, however, in teaching spaces it suffers interdictions, which allows us to suppose that teacher training does not satisfactorily deal with the dynamics of some scientific constructions. Thus, the production of scientific knowledge goes beyond the simple acceptance of truth. time relationships however interdictions constructions Thus truth

Resumo: Filiados a uma perspectiva pós-crítica de pesquisa em Educação, significamos o artefato cultural das narrativas seriadas como um currículo. Investigamos a proveniência de um modo particular de produção de masculinidades a partir da categorização dos ‘homens difíceis’ das narrativas seriadas e perscrutamos o modo como o feminino também é enunciado nesse currículo. A partir das nossas aproximações com a esquizoanálise, argumentamos que esse currículo, ao se constituir como um “currículo-máquina” produtor de fabulações generificadas, tem sido estratificado por linhas duras, por linhas maleáveis e por linhas de fuga. Concluímos que esses discursos generificados têm apontado aquilo que é pensável e dizível acerca dos gêneros e das sexualidades de um determinado tempo.

Abstract: Affiliated to a post-critical perspective of research in Education, we conceived the cultural artifact of serial narratives as a curriculum. We investigated the provenance of a particular mode of production masculinities based on the categorization "difficult men" in serial narratives and we scrutinize the way the feminine is also enunciated in this curriculum. From our approaches to schizoanalysis, we argue that this curriculum, by constituting itself as a "machine-curriculum" producer of gendered fabulations, has been stratified both by hard lines and by malleable lines with deterritorialization tips. We conclude that these gendered speeches produce strata about the consistency plan of that curriculum, evidencing what is thinkable and sayable about the genders and sexualities of a certain time.

Resumen: Afiliados a una perspectiva poscrítica de la investigación en Educación, concebimos el artefacto cultural de las narrativas seriadas como un currículo. Investigamos la procedencia de un modo particular de producción de masculinidades a partir de la categorización de ‘hombres difíciles’ en las narrativas seriadas y escudriñamos la forma en que lo femenino también es enunciado en ese currículo. Desde nuestras aproximaciones al esquizoanálisis, argumentamos que este currículo, al constituirse como un "currículo máquina" productor de fabulaciones generalizadas, ha sido estratificado tanto por líneas duras como por líneas maleables con puntas de desterritorialización. Concluimos que estos discursos generificados producen estratos sobre el plan de consistencia de ese currículo, mostrando lo que es pensable y decible sobre los géneros y las sexualidades de una época determinada.

Abstract: Lymphedema is an accumulation of lymph and abnormal fibro-fatty tissue in the limbs. Its most common origin, in Argentina, is the treatment of breast cancer. Management includes multiple interventions, ranging from non-invasive therapies to specific surgical techniques. The objective of this report was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of interventions aimed at the management of lymphoedema by reviewing the available scientific evidence, in order to guide the decision making of coverage. A bibliographic search was carried out and the PRISMA comparison list was used for the evaluation of systematic reviews. In case of discrepancies, a third reviewer was consulted. 141 works were recovered through the different search strategies, 45 were evaluated by summary or full text. Finally, 10 systematic reviews were included. The evidence for the evaluated interventions was of low confidence, mainly due to the presence of studies with a small number of patients, comparators other than usual management, heterogeneity in the interventions and limited follow-up times.

Resumen: El linfedema es una acumulación de linfa y tejido fibroadiposo anormal en los miembros. Su origen más habitual, en Argentina, es el tratamiento del cáncer de mama. El manejo incluye múltiples intervenciones, que van desde terapias no invasivas hasta técnicas quirúrgicas específicas. El objetivo de este informe fue evaluar la eficacia y seguridad de intervenciones destinadas al manejo del linfedema mediante la revisión de la evidencia científica disponible, con el fin de orientar la toma de decisiones de cobertura. Se realizó una búsqueda bibliográfica y se utilizó la lista de cotejo de PRISMA para la evaluación de revisiones sistemáticas. En caso de discrepancias, se consultó a un tercer revisor. Se recuperaron 141 trabajos a través de las distintas estrategias de búsqueda, 45 fueron evaluados mediante resumen o texto completo. Finalmente se incluyeron 10 revisiones sistemáticas. La evidencia para las intervenciones evaluadas resultó de baja confianza, principalmente por la presencia de estudios con escaso número de pacientes, comparadores distintos del manejo habitual, heterogeneidad en las intervenciones y tiempos acotados de seguimiento.

Anaerobic sewage treatment systems, especially upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors, have found wide application over the past decades, particularly in regions with a warm climate. A low sewage temperature is generally considered as a factor contributing to poor performance, characterized by an increase of the COD fractions in the effluent and the generated sludge, and decreasing the fraction that is transformed into methane. An experimental investigation was carried out at pilot scale to establish the values of the three COD fractions for different values of temperature and the applied organic load. The sludge age of the anaerobic treatment, together with temperature, was identified as the main operational variable that affects the efficiency of anaerobic treatment. An empirical expression was derived for the values of the three factions as a function of these two variables. From the results of the experimental investigation it was apparent that there is no point in applying a sludge age of more than 100 d, when the reactor is near its best performance. An expression was derived to establish the hydraulic retention time for maximum digestion efficiency as a function of temperature, concentration and composition of organic material and sludge mass. It was established that the main limit to the sludge hold-up in UASB reactors treating sewage is not the sludge settleability, but rather the break-up of flocs leading to loss of small, poorly-settling particles.

The objective of anaerobic sewage treatment is to maximize the fraction of influent organic material that is transformed into methane, thus minimizing the COD fractions that are discharged with the effluent or in the excess sludge production. Experimental data in this paper show that in the case of application of a UASB reactor for sewage treatment, the phase separator design has an important influence on digestion efficiency. An efficient phase separator leads to retention of a larger sludge mass, which means that the mean solids retention time is increased. The data show that the mean solids retention time or sludge age is the fundamental operational parameter that determines the efficiency of the anaerobic treatment. A simple way to improve the phase separator performance is to apply parallel plates in the settling section of the UASB reactor, above the conventional phase separator design of triangular prisms with an open base.

Nesta pesquisa investigamos, em reportagens da revista Superinteressante, o processo de construção dos gêneros por meio de discursos biológicos/científicos, e a produtividade social desses discursos. Este estudo fundamenta-se nos campos teóricos de Michel Foucault e dos estudos culturais para pensar sobre a articulação saber/poder do processo de produção de gêneros divulgados nos discursos biológicos publicados pela pedagogia cultural da mídia. Nesta investigação, ficou evidenciado que os discursos biológicos predominantemente justificam e naturalizam as masculinidades e feminilidades como evidências biológicas, o que acaba por produzir e legitimar formas supostamente naturais de ser homem ou mulher e comportamentos esperados socialmente. No entanto, entendemos que os gêneros são construções sócio-históricas e culturais que nascem em relações de poder-saber, sendo as feminilidades e masculinidades não somente constituídas pelas características biológicas.

This research investigated reports in the magazine Superinteressante, how gender identity is constituted in the biological/ scientific discourse, and social productivity of these discourses. It is based on the theoretical fields of Michel Foucault and the Cultural Studies, in order to consider the connection between power/knowledge of production of gender through biological discourse published in the cultural pedagogies. In this investigation, evidence indicated that the biological discourses predominantly justify and naturalize the masculinity and femininity as biological evidence, which eventually produces and legitimizes supposedly natural ways of being male or female and socially behaviors expected. However, the genders are understood as socio-historical and cultural constructions, born from power-knowledge relationships, and where femininity and masculinity are not only constituted by biological characteristics.

ContextoA progressão da fibrose hepática em pacientes coinfectados pelos vírus da hepatite C (VHC) e da imunodeficiência humana (VHC/HIV) tem sido mais estudada na última década. Estudos realizados antes da terapia antiretroviral de alta potência (HAART) sugerem que o HIV pode mudar a história natural da infecção pelo VHC, levando a uma progressão mais rápida da fibrose hepática.ObjetivoAvaliar e comparar a progressão de fibrose em duas populações de pacientes (coinfectados VHC/HIV e monoinfectados VHC).MétodosForam avaliados retrospectivamente 70 pacientes monoinfectados VHC e 26 coinfectados VHC/HIV nunca tratados para o VHC e que haviam realizado duas biopsias hepáticas seriadas. Não houve diferença na progressão de fibrose entre os dois grupos.ConclusãoA evolução do grau de fibrose não foi pior nos pacientes coinfectados. A ausência de imunodepressão e o menor intervalo de tempo entre as biopsias no grupo de coinfectados são possíveis justificativas.

ContextThe progression of liver fibrosis in patients coinfected by hepatitis C virus and human immunodeficiency virus (HCV/HIV) has been increasingly studied in the past decade. Studies made before the highly active antiretroviral therapy suggest that HIV can change the natural history of the HCV infection, leading to a faster progression of the liver fibrosis.ObjectiveTo evaluate and compare the fibrosis progression in two groups of patients (HCV/HIV coinfected and HCV monoinfected)MethodsSeventy patients HCV monoinfected and 26 patients HCV/HIV coinfected who had not undertaken HCV treatment and were submitted to serial percutaneous liver biopsies were retrospectively evaluated. There was no difference in the fibrosis progression between the two groups.ConclusionThe fibrosis grade evolution was not worse in the coinfected patients. The immunosuppression absence and the shortest time period between the biopsies in the coinfected group are possible explanations.